History of the Rise and Influence of the Spirit of Rationalism in Europe, by William Edward Hartpole Lecky
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History of the Rise and Influence of the Spirit of Rationalism in Europe, by William Edward Hartpole Lecky
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History of the Rise and Influence of the Spirit of Rationalism in Europe, by William Edward Hartpole Lecky- Published on: 2015-09-09
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 9.21" h x .88" w x 6.14" l, 1.62 pounds
- Binding: Hardcover
- 402 pages
About the Author Lecky was an Irish historian.
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1 of 1 people found the following review helpful. How and Why did Medieval coercion change to Modern persuasion? By Clay Garner Noted scholar published this 'psychological history' of Europe in 1865. Explains why the nineteenth century is profoundly changed from the the sixteenth. Uses the dramatic adjustment in the opinion of witchcraft to illustrate the ability of cultures to affect the beliefs of the population and the intellectual elite. Witches were killed by the hundreds at the start and totally ignored at the end of this period. Why? How?Examines the belief system of Christendom from Roman times. Comments on the transition from paganism to Christianity and how much of antique Christianity was just renamed paganism. Covers the influence of Plato and Aristotle on church doctrine. Comments on the influence of Islam on medieval Christendom through Thomas Aquinas and his trust in Averroes. Analyses the effects of Luther, Calvin, Zwingli, Locke, Dons Scotus, etc.The introduction says, "The process of reasoning is much more difficult than is commonly supposed; and that to those who would investigate the causes of existing opinions, the study of pre-dispositions is much more important than the study of arguments."Even though Lecky is writing a book on rationalism, he explains that human belief is not controlled by reason. The mental bias, the unacknowledged preconceived ideas and the emotional foundation of thought is a key theme. He demonstrates this with numerous examples. Comments many times that outstanding logical arguments failed for centuries and then became the universally accepted beliefs due to non logical reasons. Says that analogy is much more important than logic in changing opinion."To trace through the obscurity of the distant past that hidden bias of the imagination which - deeper than any strife of arguments, deeper than any change of Creed - determines in each succeeding age the realized belief; to grasp the principle of analogy or congruency according to which the conceptions of a given period were grouped and harmonized, and then to show how the discoveries of science, or the revolutions in philosophy, or the developments of industrial or political life, introduced new centers of attraction, and made the force of analogy act in new directions; to follow out the process till the conclusions the reason had once naturally and almost instinctively adopted seem in congruous and grotesque, and till the whole current of intellectual tendencies is changed: - this is the task which devolves upon everyone who, not content with relating the fluctuations of opinions, seeks to throw some light upon the laws that govern them."Lecky is not afraid to draw conclusions based on his research. Believes that Christianity is the truth. Believes that Christendom betrayed it in the past. Explains why he thinks this occurred. Shows why he believes the modern 'rational' mind has benefited both science and Christianity."They taught men to esteem credulity discreditable, to wage an unsparing war against their prejudices, to distrust the verdicts of the past, and to analyze with cautious scrutiny the foundation of their belief. They taught them, above all, to cultivate that love of truth for its own sake which is perhaps the highest attribute of humanity; which alone can emancipate the mind from the countless influences that enthrall it, and guide the steps through the labyrinth of human systems; which shrinks from the sacrifice of no cherished doctrine, and of no ancient tie; and which, recognizing in itself the reflex of the Deity, finds in itself it's own reward." Page 146Very dense. Detailed footnotes on almost every page. Extensive 20 page index. Erudite. Written for scholars. Writes in a clear but analytical style of the nineteenth century. I enjoyed it and learned a lot. Plan to reread many times.
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